Breast atypia refers to the presence of cells in breast tissue that have an abnormal microscopic appearance but are not classified as cancerous. It is detected during a breast needle or surgical biopsy. Breast atypia is a broad term that encompasses various subtypes, including atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH), atypical lobular hyperplasia (ALH), and flat epithelial atypia (FEA).
Breast atypia is significant because it is considered a risk factor for the development of breast cancer. In some cases, the atypical cells themselves are considered precancerous; that is, these cells have an increased likelihood of becoming cancerous in the future, however there is no way to predict when or if that will happen.
In all cases of atypia, their presence anywhere in the breast indicates a higher-than-average lifetime risk of breast cancer for that woman in either breast compared to women of average risk.
Management of breast atypia diagnosed at needle biopsy depends on the type of atypia and the individual’s overall risk factors. At a minimum, close monitoring and potentially increased breast cancer surveillance will likely be recommended. This may include increased frequency of mammograms as well as potential supplemental ultrasound and breast MRI. Treatments such as medication or surgery may also be recommended. A Hoag breast specialist can help you determine the best course of action after an atypia diagnosis.