Breast papillomas are benign (non-cancerous) growths or tumors that form in the milk ducts of the breast. They are often small and may appear as a solitary nodule or multiple nodules. Breast papillomas may be associated with a dilated duct and are often found close to the nipple.
Papillomas occur with the lining of the milk duct overgrows, but the specific causes of this phenomenon are not known. They can develop or be discovered at any age but are most common from ages 35 to 55.
Breast papillomas may not cause symptoms and may instead be discovered incidentally with breast imaging. However, in some cases, they can lead to symptoms such as clear or bloody nipple discharge (fluid leaking from the nipple that is not related to breastfeeding), a breast lump, or breast pain.
Papillomas are considered “high-risk lesions” to differentiate them from normal tissue because in some cases abnormal cells may be found in or near them. This risk is higher in women with multiple papillomas or if the papilloma has atypical features.
They are usually diagnosed with a needle biopsy. Treatment options can include surgical removal of the papilloma or close monitoring, depending on the individual’s specific circumstances and risk factors.
Management of breast papillomas is best determined in consultation with a breast surgeon who can help you understand your options and the risks and benefits of each approach.