Hoag physicians lead innovative clinical trials, continuing to push for more advanced, effective care for liver cancer patients.
Hoag is the top choice for cancer care in Orange County, with cancer survival rates that continually exceed national averages. Our dedicated, world-class teams are wholly focused on helping you survive cancer, heal and move forward with your life.






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Contact usHoag Family Cancer Institute gives you access to the most advanced diagnostics, therapies and treatment options for liver cancer, as well as groundbreaking clinical research – so you can trust that you will have the best care.
After talking to you about your symptoms, your physician will likely ask about your medical history and give you a thorough examination which may include drawing blood for testing.Accurate, advanced diagnosis of liver cancer is a priority at Hoag. Liver cancer requires accurate diagnosis and leading-edge treatments to create better outcomes and fuller recoveries for patients.Some of the advanced diagnostic techniques used to diagnose liver cancer at Hoag may include:
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) tumor marker test, which tests for a chemical in the blood that’s often elevated in people with liver cancer and conditions that could lead to cancer, like hepatitis and cirrhosis.
Volume-Rendering Computed Tomography, which creates highly accurate 3-D scans of internal organs, allowing physicians to properly stage the cancer and determine whether surgery is a good option. Only a few centers in Southern California have this advanced imaging technology.
Endoscopic Ultrasound (EUS) which uses an ultrasound device inserted through small incisions to make images of the liver from inside your abdomen. The physician may also collect a tissue sample for study during EUS.
Biopsy is a procedure performed to definitively diagnose liver cancer. A small sample of tissue is removed so it can be examined for the presence of cancer in a lab. Biopsy can be done in several ways, including fine-needle aspiration, core needle biopsy or laparoscopically, in which instruments are inserted through small incisions in the abdomen.
Diagnostic Laparoscopy, which is a minimally invasive surgical procedure used to examine internal organs. Small incisions are made in the abdominal wall, and a thin, lighted tube called a laparoscope is inserted. This procedure allows the surgeon to directly view the liver and gather helpful information about internal structures.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans.
If your doctor determines you have liver cancer, the next step is to determine how much the cancer has spread, which is called “staging.”According to the American Cancer Society, the system most commonly used for primary liver cancer staging is the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM system. TNM is an acronym, which stands for:
Tumor: an evaluation of how far the primary tumor has spread, including whether there’s only one tumor, how large the tumor is, and whether it has reached nearby structures like the veins in the liver
Nodes: which evaluates how much the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes
Metastasis: which evaluates how far the cancer has spread in the body, including to other organs like the liver and lungs
Once a specialist has made a determination of these three factors, liver cancer is assigned an AJCC stage grouping. Find more on AJCC liver cancer staging here.
Proper diagnosis is key to developing the right treatment plan. Hoag is not only committed to accurate diagnosis, but provides exceptional care and treatment, all conveniently located in Orange County. At Hoag Family Cancer Institute, our Liver Cancer Team includes world-class surgeons, medical oncologists, hepatologists, radiation oncologists, advanced endoscopists and a complete supportive care team working together to help you heal and move forward. Learn more about Hoag’s specialized liver cancer team.
Looking for the most advanced diagnosis and treatment for liver cancer? Then look no further than Hoag. At Hoag Family Cancer Institute, our multidisciplinary team offers globally-recognized options for those facing this challenging disease, with treatments tailored to meet each patient’s specific needs.
With liver cancer, the potential for successful surgical intervention depends on several factors, including your age, state of overall health, the type of tumor and where it is located, etc.
Hoag is Orange County’s leader in next-generation surgery for liver cancer, including advanced robotic assisted surgeries and minimally-invasive procedures. Our team performs more liver surgeries than any other hospital in California — more than 1,000 per year — and does more liver transplants than any other center in Southern California. That’s experience that can make a big difference to your treatment and care. At Hoag, surgical options for liver cancer may include:
Open surgical procedures, which may include right lobectomy, left lobectomy, central resection, trisegmentectomy and wedge resection
Laparoscopic liver surgery, a minimally-invasive procedure in which instruments are inserted through small incisions in the abdomen
Robotic-Assisted liver surgery, a minimally-invasive procedure in which advanced robots assist in surgical procedures through small openings in the body.
At Hoag, we often combine techniques to hit complex conditions like liver cancer from all sides. In addition to surgery, non-surgical options for liver cancer at Hoag may include:
Histotripsy is a non-invasive, incisionless treatment that uses targeted ultrasound waves to wipe out cancer cells.
Radiofrequency ablation (RFA), which is an image guided technique that uses radio waves to heat and destroy cancer cells.
Arterial Chemotherapy, also known as Hepatic Artery Infusion, which increases the effectiveness of chemotherapy drugs by inserting a catheter into the hepatic artery and delivering drugs directly to a cancerous lesion inside the liver.
Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE), which is a procedure that’s similar to Arterial Chemotherapy, but which also blocks the blood supply to arteries that feed the tumor. This allows for a higher and potentially more effective dose of chemotherapy drugs.
Yttrium-90 Radioembolization, in which radioactive microspheres are injected into the hepatic artery through a catheter. These microspheres lodge in smaller blood vessels that feed the tumor, cutting off blood flow to the cancer and then emitting radiation to kill tumor cells.
Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) which utilizes radiation beams of varying intensity, which are carefully tailored to the shape of the tumor through advanced software and 3D images. This allows the radiation to be more precisely focused on cancerous tissue.
Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT) which uses highly focused radiation for more precise treatment of tumors.
Hoag is committed to leading the way in state-of-the-art technologies and advanced treatment options. Part of this commitment includes clinical research with the goal of helping patients live longer, healthier lives. Through carefully planned clinical trials, researchers evaluate the safety and effectiveness of new ways to diagnose, treat and prevent diseases or conditions. Treatments studied in clinical trials might be new drugs or new combinations of drugs, new surgical procedures or devices, or new ways to use existing treatments. View clinical trials for liver cancer here.

Ronald Wolf, M.D., F.A.C.S., is a board-certified surgical oncologist who specializes in treating liver, bile duct and pancreatic cancer at Hoag Family Cancer Institute. His clinical interests include pancreatic adenocarcinoma, colon and rectal cancers that have metastasized to the liver, surgical treatment for bile duct tumors and cysts and surgery for soft tissue sarcoma. Previously, Dr. Wolf served as Professor of Clinical Surgery in the Department of Surgery, Division of Hepatobiliary & Pancreas Surgery/Islet Cell Transplantation at UC Irvine School of Medicine and Long Beach Memorial Medical Center. Prior to that, he served as Medical Director of Hepatic and Pancreatic Surgery at Legacy Good Samaritan Medical Center in Portland, Oregon, and as the Medical Director of Liver and Pancreas Surgery at Providence Cancer Center, also in Portland. Dr. Wolf received his medical degree from Oregon Health & Science University in Portland, followed by an internship and two residencies in general surgery at UC Davis. He then completed a fellowship in surgical oncology at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York, where he also served as a clinical research fellow. Later, he helped direct surgical resident and fellowship-level postgraduate training programs in Portland. Dr. Wolf has co-authored more than 80 clinical presentations throughout his career and is a committee member of several national organizations including the American College of Surgeons, the Society of Surgical Oncology and the AHPBA Americas Hepatopancreatobiliary Association.

Medical Director of Cancer Research for Hoag Family Cancer Institute

<p>Tara Seery, M.D., attended University College Dublin School of Medicine followed by an internship at Mater Misericordiae Hospital as well as an internship and residency at Caritas St. Elizabeth Medical Center in Boston. She then completed fellowships in hematology/oncology at both Caritas St. Elizabeth Medical Center and University of Illinois at Chicago. Dr. Seery is board certified in Medical Oncology and Hematology.</p><p>Dr. Seery is particularly interested in GI oncology, including hepatobiliary cancers such as pancreatic, liver and bile duct cancers.</p><p>She has served as the primary investigator on several clinical research trials, co-authored numerous medical publications and abstracts, and edited multiple peer-reviewed journals. Additionally, she has given clinical presentations both across the U.S. and abroad. </p><p>Dr. Seery’s teaching experience spans the areas of medical and graduate level courses including a Hematology/Oncology Fellowship Annual Lecture Series on Pancreatic Cancer, Liver Cancer and the Management of Unresectable Hepatocellular Carcinoma at UC Irvine’s 5th Annual Gastroenterology and Hepatology Symposium. In addition, she oversaw a group of Hematology/Oncology Fellows at the University of California Irvine Outpatient Clinic.</p><p>Dr. Seery is a member of the American Society of Clinical Oncology and the American Society of Hematology.</p>

<p>Tse-Ling Fong, M.D., is Program Director of Hoag’s Liver Program. He has been practicing Hepatology for 30 years and is one of only a few board-certified hepatologists in all of Orange County.</p> <p>For over 10 years, Dr. Fong served as Medical Director of Keck School of Medicine of USC’s Liver Transplant Program, and as a mentor for numerous physicians-in-training who went on to academic careers. He was previously Associate Medical Director of the Liver Transplantation Program at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center.</p> <p>Dr. Fong has received numerous honors and awards throughout his career, including being honored as one of the “Best Doctors in America” for over 10 years consecutively. He has contributed to more than 80 peer-reviewed publications and conducted many grant-supported clinical research studies in chronic liver diseases and liver transplantation.</p> <p>Dr. Fong completed medical school at the University of Southern California School of Medicine, followed by a residency at LAC/USC Medical Center. He did a fellowship in Hepatology at the USC Liver Unit at Rancho Los Amigos Medical Center in Downey, California and another fellowship in Gastroenterology at LAC/USC Medical Center. He was also a Clinical Associate at the Liver Diseases Section at the National Institutes of Health. Dr. Fong is dual board certified in Gastroenterology and Transplant Hepatology.</p> <p>Dr. Fong is a fellow of the American College of Physicians, American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and member of the American Society of Transplant Physicians.</p>

<p>Dr. Lee is board certified in transplant hepatology and gastroenterology at Hoag Digestive Institute. He practices in Newport Beach and Irvine with a focus on patient care in the diagnosis and treatment of complex liver diseases. His clinical interests include liver cancer, autoimmune liver diseases and alloimmune complications after liver transplantation.</p> <p>In addition to evidence-based medicine, Dr. Lee believes in understanding the stories of each patient and providing individualized care, valuing each patient as distinct rather than generalized by one’s condition.</p> <p>Dr. Lee earned his medical degree from Rush Medical College at Rush University Medical Center in Chicago, Ill. and completed his residency in internal medicine and fellowship in gastroenterology at the University of Southern California/LAC+USC in Los Angeles. While there, he was awarded Intern of the Year and the USC Choi Family Excellence in Patient-Centered Care Award as a fellow. He then went on to complete his fellowship in transplant hepatology at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York. His undergraduate degrees include a Bachelor of Science in both biology and chemistry from University of California, Irvine.</p> <p>Dr. Lee is a member of professional organizations including the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases and American Society of Transplantation, allowing him to contribute to the medical community as a member and peer reviewer. Additionally, he has participated in several educational presentations on topics such as immunosuppression after liver transplantation, acute liver failure, liver disease and hepatitis. He is well-published in numerous medical journals, research abstracts and book chapters. He served as Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine for the Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology at Loma Linda University prior to his arrival at Hoag.

Medical Director of Hoag Advanced Endoscopy Center, Gastroenterologist

Dr. Kankotia is a board-certified gastroenterologist at the Hoag Digestive Health Institute. His focus is in advanced endoscopic procedures, and his clinical interests include pancreaticobiliary disease, tissue resection, Barrett’s esophagus, and bariatrics. Other services offered include luminal stenting, radiofrequency ablation, endoscopic mucosal resection, esophageal pH monitoring (Bravo), liver biopsy, portal pressure measurement, and endoscopic suturing. He strives to provide his patients and their families with personalized care plans that help each patient reach their health goals. At the Hoag Digestive Health Institute, Dr. Kankotia works with a team of digestive health experts to provide a comprehensive approach to wellness. Dr. Kankotia earned his medical degree at the Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California in Los Angeles. He completed internal medicine residency and gastroenterology fellowship at University of Southern California/LAC+USC Medical Center. He then completed an additional fellowship in advanced endoscopy at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, where he developed expertise in ERCP (endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography), diagnostic and therapeutic EUS (endoscopic ultrasound), and other techniques while garnering experience managing complex cases. Dr. Kankotia is a current member of the American College of Gastroenterology, American Gastroenterological Association, and American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Additionally, he has contributed to several publications on topics such as gastric cancer, biliary disease, pancreatic cysts, and luminal strictures.

Paul J. Korc, M.D. serves as medical director of the Hoag GI Lab and is a board-certified gastroenterologist with fellowship training in advanced endoscopic procedures. After completing his residency and fellowship at USC, he went on to spend a year at Indiana University, one of the nation’s top programs for biliary and pancreatic disorders. There, he received training in endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and endoscopic ultrasound (EUS), gaining extensive experience in the management of complex cases. Dr. Korc’s expertise also includes removal of large polyps and early stage cancers of the gastrointestinal tract, using endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD). He spent time in Seoul, Korea learning ESD, a cutting-edge technique in which pre-cancerous lesions and superficial cancers are removed en bloc (in one piece), avoiding the need for surgery. Additionally, Dr. Korc performs peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM), a specialized procedure that restores the ability to eat and drink for people with achalasia, an esophageal motility disorder. Dr. Korc brings to Hoag his expertise in these procedures, some of which are available at only a handful of medical centers in Southern California. Dr. Korc offers patients compassionate, personalized care along with the very best advances in endoscopic treatment.

Medical Director, Hoag Irvine Advanced Endoscopy, Director of Bariatric Endoscopy, Gastroenterologist

<p>Dr. Andrew Keyoung joined NHRA in 2008. Dr. Keyoung is the Chief of Radiology Service for Hoag Hospital Irvine and Medical Director of Radiology at Hoag Orthopedics Institute. He is also the Director of Body MRI at Hoag Hospitals. Dr. Keyoung oversees professional sports imaging program for Hoag Hospitals. This includes the local NFL teams: the Los Angeles Chargers during the regular season and the Los Angeles Rams during the summer training camp at UC Irvine, as well as the local professional MLS team, Orange County Soccer Club. Dr. Keyoung serves in the NHRA’s Executive Committee.</p> <p>His subspecialty imaging expertise includes oncologic imaging with multiparametric prostate MRI and PET/MR, advanced body MRI imaging of the liver, pancreas and intestines as well as dynamic pelvic floor imaging with MRI.</p> <p>Prior to Hoag Hospitas, Dr. Keyoung was a clinical instructor in Department of Radiology at Stanford University School of Medicine.</p> <p>Dr. Keyoung was listed as one of America’s Top Radiologist by Consumers Research Council of America. He was also selected as 2018 Physician of Excellence by the Orange County Medical Association.</p>

Radiology

<p>Dr. Trushar Patel joined NHRA in 2014. He specializes in Vascular and Interventional Radiology with a focus in Interventional Oncology and Venous Disease. After finishing residency at Cornell Medical Center with additional training at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Dr. Patel completed a fellowship in Vascular and Interventional Radiology at the University of California, San Francisco.</p>

<p>Dr. Thomas Velling joined NHRA in 2001. He currently serves as Director of the Interventional Radiology Service at Hoag Hospital in Newport Beach.</p>

<p>Dr. Alexander Misono specializes in Vascular & Interventional Radiology.</p> <p>Dr. Misono joined NHRA in 2018. He is a graduate of Harvard College (AB), Harvard Business School (MBA), and Harvard Medical School (MD). He completed internship in internal medicine at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, a Harvard Medical School teaching hospital. He then trained in the Diagnostic Radiology residency program at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School. Following that, he completed training as a fellow in Vascular & Interventional Radiology at the Miami Cardiac & Vascular Institute, a world-renowned center for the diagnosis, management, and treatment of vascular disease.</p> <p>Dr. Misono has served on numerous committees and been an invited speaker at annual meetings of the Society of Interventional Radiology (SIR) and American College of Radiology (ACR). Dr. Misono is an active researcher in the fields of radiology and interventional radiology, having presented or published over 50 scientific presentations, abstracts, book chapters, and peer-reviewed publications in journals such as the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), Journal of the American College of Radiology (JACR), Journal of Vascular & Interventional Radiology (JVIR), and American Journal of Roentgenology (AJR).</p>

<p>Dr. Tust Techasith specializes in Vascular and Interventional Radiology, with particular emphasis on minimally invasive treatment of cancer and venous disease.</p> <p>Dr. Techasith graduated from Harvard Medical School in 2011. He completed his internship at Santa Clara Valley Medical Center where he was awarded Intern of the Year. He subsequently completed both his residency training in Diagnostic Radiology, serving as chief resident, and fellowship training in Vascular and Interventional Radiology at Stanford University Medical Center.</p> <p>Dr. Techasith has authored or co-authored over 30 scientific abstracts, book chapters, and peer-reviewed publications in the field of diagnostic and interventional radiology. He has also been an invited lecturer at various residency training programs, universities, and national meetings.</p>
Hoag’s Precision Medicine Program combines genomics and genetics to diagnose, treat, and prevent diseases. Using the latest advances in genomic technologies, targeted therapies and research, our precision medicine program brings together a multidisciplinary team, including a robust genetic counseling group of experts, to provide patients with the latest in innovation and technology.
Being diagnosed with cancer can feel overwhelming at times. Many patients and their families need help with coping and can benefit from supportive counseling. Oncology Clinical Social Workers are available to provide emotional and practical support during all stages of cancer including diagnosis, treatment and post-treatment survivorship.
Hoag Family Cancer Institute dietitians work closely with patients’ physicians, nurses, therapists, and social workers to ensure complete care.
Hoag is the top choice for cancer care in Orange County, with cancer survival rates that continually exceed national averages. Our dedicated, world-class teams are wholly focused on helping you survive cancer, heal and move forward with your life.
Liver cancer, sometimes known as hepatic cancer, begins in the liver, which is the large, two-lobed organ that lies just below your ribs. The liver has many important functions, including breaking down and helping excrete waste in the blood, producing clotting factors and breaking down the nutrients your body produces from food.
When changes in the liver cause cells to mutate and replicate out of control, this can cause liver cancer. Any cancer that starts in the liver is called primary liver cancer.
It’s common for other types of cancer to spread to the liver, including breast, lung, pancreatic, stomach, esophageal, skin and colon cancers. When cancer spreads to the liver from another part of the body, the condition is called secondary liver cancer or metastatic cancer and usually referred to according to where the cancer originated. For example, if cancer spreads to the liver from the breast, any resulting cancer found in the liver is called “metastatic breast cancer.”
According to the American Cancer Society, the most common type of primary liver cancer is Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC).
Some cases of hepatocellular carcinoma begin as a single tumor that grows larger and spreads to other parts of the liver. Other cases, however, start as nodules scattered throughout the liver, which is mostly seen in patients with chronic liver damage, also known as cirrhosis of the liver.
There are additional subtypes of HCC. According to the American Cancer Society, these include:
Liver cancer is particularly dangerous in that it often presents few or no symptoms until after it has spread. According to the American Cancer Society, symptoms of liver cancer can include:
In addition, some liver tumors may affect the production of hormones, which can have impacts on other organs. According to the ACS, these hormonal changes may cause:
According to the American Cancer Society, the annual rate of liver cancer diagnosis in the U.S. has more than tripled since 1980. Though the root cause of liver cancer is still unknown, there are a number of factors that are believed to raise your risk of developing liver cancer. These include:
Ways to reduce your risk of developing liver cancer may include: